Abstract

One of the events occurred in Iraq after Saddam Hussein’s Government and especially the withdrawal of the US military forces from Iraq was the enhancement of political violence and terrorism in this country. This disastrous phenomenon continued to the extent that Iraq turned to be avirgin land for the ISIS and Al-Qaeda to sweep into power. The current paper, using political sociology approach and analysis- explanatory methods, sought the answer to this question: Regardless of Foreign Factors what is the main reason of the emergence of political violence and terrorist groups like ISIS in Iraq? The research hypothesis is that the inappropriate approach to the management of security and lack of attention to the software security have had the main role in the increase of political violence and emergence of terrorist groups in Iraq. The research findings show that in the third world countries like Iraq, attention to hardware security without enough attention to software security dimensions has beenan inefficient and imperfect act. Also, current Iraqi officials need to pay attention to cultural approaches (specially increasing the legitimacy of the regime, integrity of the society and acquisition of the policy making ability) to conquer the social problems of their country.