1.Aydin, Mustafa. (2000). New Geopolitics of Central Asia and the Caucasus; Causes of Instability and Predicament (Ankara: Center for Strategic Research)
2.Europe Report No. 244, (2017), “Nagorno-Karabakh’s Gathering War Clouds,” (Brussels: International Crisis Group, June 1),
3.Ataei, Farhad and et al (2012), "Foreign Policy of the Turkey Government for Justice and Development in the South Caucasus Region", Strategic Quarterly, Year 21, No. 63, pp. 66-37.
4.Branch, Anthony R. (2018).Armenia and the South Caucasus: A New Security Environment The Quarterly Journal ISSN 1812-1098, e-ISSN 1812-2973, 17, no. 2: 47-60
https://doi.org/10.11610/.17.2.04
5.Hafeznia, MR, Ghorbaninejad, R, Zahra Ahmadipour, Abdolali, Ghavam (2014), Tension and Conflict Theories between Countries: Review, Critique and Presenting a Theoretical Model, Geopolitics Quarterly, Volume: 9, No 4. Winter.
6.Haggett, Peter (2001). Geography: A Global Synthesis. Publisher: Prentice-Hall.
7.Vali, Ferenc.A (1971). Bridge across the Bosporus: the foreign policy of Turkey, Baltimore: Johan Hopkins press.
9.“Armenian Ceasefire Violation: Azerbaijan’s Serviceman Killed”, (2018). January 19, available at:
10. “Azerbaijan Has Bought SOM Missile from Turkey”, Azeri Defence, (2018). June 26, available at:
11. “BP Statistical Review of World Energy: 67th Edition,” BP, June (2018), available at:
12. “Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict,” Council on Foreign Relations, (2017), available at:
https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-conflict-tracker#!/conflict/nagornokarabakh-conflict.
13. “Nagorno-Karabakh Reports 250 Azerbaijani Ceasefire Violations,”(2018), March 3, available at:
14. Altstadt Audrey L. and Menon, Rajan. (2016). “Unfrozen Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh: Why Violence Persists,” Foreign Affairs, April 12, available at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ articles/armenia/2016-04-12/unfrozen-conflict-Nagorno-Karabakh.
15. Ansari, J. (1995). Turkey looking for a new role in the region, Tehran: Political and International Studies office.
16. Bayat, E. (2015). Foreign Policy of Russia and Turkey towards the Karabakh Conflict, Qom: Tebyan Cultural and Information Institute.
17. Cook, S. (2012). US-Turkey relations: a new partnership. Washington D.C: Council on Foreign Relations.
18. Council on Foreign Relations (2018). "Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict", Available at:
https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-conflict-tracker?cid=ppc-Google-grantconflict_tracker-031116&gclid=CJi2Hfugq0wodchoDXw#!/conflict/nagorno-karabakh-conflict, Accessed
19. Davutoglu, A. (2008).Turkey’s Foreign Policy Vision: An Assessment of 2007. Insight Turkey, Vol. 10 (1).
20. De Waal, T. (2018). "Armenia’s Revolution and the Karabakh Conflict, Carnegie Europe.
21. Dehghani, R. (2016). Turkey's Reforms and Objectives in the Karabakh crisis, Caucasus-Analytical-News Agency, derived from https://www.Qafqaz.ir.
22. Drysdale, A., & Blake, GH. (1995). Political Geography of the Middle East and North Africa, Translated by Dorreh Mirheydar, Tehran: Political and International Studies Office, 1995, Fourth Edition.
23. Falahatpisheh, H., Sharbati, V., & Mozaffari, MM. (2016). "Turkey’s foreign policy in the South Caucasus and the Interests of Iran and Russia, Strategic Politic Articles Quarterly, Third Year, No. 12 (Successive No. 42).
24. Gurbanov, Ilgar. (2017). “Interaction with Turkish Air Force Boosts Azerbaijan’s Air-Combat Capability,” Eurasia Daily Monitor 14, no. 137 (The Jamestown Foundation, October 26), available at: https://jamestown.org/program/interaction-turkish-air-forces-boostsazerbaijans-air-combat-capability/.
25. Haggett, Peter (1972). Geography: a modern synthesis. New York: publisher: Harpercollins College Div.
26. Haggett, Peter (1983). Geography: a modern synthesis. New York: publisher: Harpercollins College Div.
27. Harris, Gardiner. (2018). “U.S. To Issue New Sanctions on Russia over Skripals’Poisoning,” The New York Times, August 8, available at: https://nyti.ms/2OUvbvo.
28. Hill, Fiona. Kirişci, Kemal and Moffatt, Andrew. (2015). “Armenia and Turkey: From Normalization to Reconciliation,” Brookings Institution, February 24, available at:
29. Jenkins, G. (2012). Occasional Allies, Enduring Rivals: Turkey’s Relations with Iran. Washington, D.C: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program.
30. Karamzadi, M., & Khansari Fard, F. (2016). "Explaining the Contexts of the Convergence in the Relations between Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan and its Challenges (from 1991 to 2014)", Central Eurasian Studies, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp. 171-188.
31. Kaufman, Stuart. J. (2001).Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, May 31.
32. Kazemi, A. (2001). Insecurity factors in the Caucasus based on the Haggett model, Central Asia and Caucasus Studies, No. 36.
33. Koulaei, E. And Goudarzi, M. (2015). The Influence of the Developments of Armenia-Turkey Relations on Armenia-Iran Relations, Geopolitical Quarterly, eleventh year, first number, pages 70-38.
34. Larrabee, F. Stephen, and Nader, Alireza. (2013) “Central Asia and the Caucasus,” in Turkish-Iranian Relations in the Changing Middle East (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation), available at:
36. Larrabee, S. (2008). Turkey as a U.S. Security Partner. Santa Monica California: Rand Corporation.
37. Manvelyan, Armen. (2015). Energy Security and Geopolitical Challenges in the Caucasus Caspian Region (Yerevan, Armenia: Yerevan State University).
38. Markarov, A., Galstyan, N., & Hayrapetyan, G. (2016). "The Main Dimensions and Issues of Armenia's Foreign Security Policy", Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312069316_values_and_identity_as_sources_of_foreign_policy_in_armenia_and_georgia, Accessed on 2016/10/12.
39. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan,(2016), “The Report on the Illegal economic and other activities in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan,” 2 March, available at: mfa.gov.az/files/file/MFA Report on the occupied territories
40. Mirheydar, D. (1994). Political and Economic Geography, Theoretical Year of the Humanities, Literature, Tehran: Ministry of Education.
41. Mustafayeva, Najiba. (2018).The danger of no peace, no war in Nagorno-Karabakh, Turkish policy quarterly, Volume 16 Number 4.
42. Niakui, SA., & Ahmadi Khoy, AR. (2014), Turkey as the central power in the international system and its position in Iran-US relations; with emphasis on the era of the Justice and Development Party, the Quarterly in Political Studies of the Islamic World, the fifth year, No. 17.
43. Rashidoglu, A. (2016). What is Turkey's role in the Karabakh scenario? (An analysis to the impact of the transformation of Turkey’s foreign diplomacy on the Karabakh conflict process), translated by Reza Asghari, Sputnik news agency. Translated by Yolpr International Service, derived from: https://www.yolpress.ir.
44. Sandrin, P. (2009). “Turkish Foreign Policy after the End of Cold War From Securitizing to Desecuritizing Actor", Turkish Policy Quarterly(TPQ),28/06/2010, available at:
www.turkishpolicy.com/article/116/turkeyand-caucasus-at-the-edge-of-eu-and-natoenlargement (accessed on 25/5/2011).
45. Schulz, E., & Devrim, D. (2009). "The Caucasus: Which Role for Turkey in the European Neighbourhood?” Insight Turkey, available at: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7057/is_3_11/ai_n39157902 (accessed on 24/5/2011).
46. Shiriyev, Zaur, Eka Tkeshelashvili, and Mitat Celikpala, (2016) "Institutionalizing a Trilateral Strategic Partnership: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey," Policy Paper, (Konrad Adenauer Stiftung), available at:
http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_43884-1522-1-30.pdf.
47. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. (2017). "Increase in Arms transfers driven by demand in the Middle East and Asia, says SIPRI", Available at: https://sipri.org
48. Yavuz, H.M. (2010). Secularism and Democracy in Turkey, translated by Ahmad Azizi, Tehran, Nayer Rey.
49. Zaki, y., and Pashalou, A. (2016). Iran's mediation function in the geopolitical crisis of Karabakh, International, studious, research Journal of the geographical society of Iran, new period, Fifteen-year, No. 53.
50. Isachenko, D. (2020). Turkey–Russia Partnership in the War over Nagorno-Karabakh, centre for applied turkey studies (CATS), No.53, November
51. Ramezani Bonesh, F. (2020). Turkey’s approach to the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis, available at:
https://geostrategicmedia.com/2020/07/31/turkeys-approach-to-the-nagorno-karabakh-crisis