Abstract

One of the obligations and necessities of the USA foreign policy which is the main core of the policies in the international scene and has brought about complexity and disorder in the domain of international security, is the military presence of this country in the Persian Gulf. The security of the Persian Gulf is a multilayer and complex issue which has forced international players to be involved in the region which is facing various types of challenges.  In recent decades, America has been the most basic security and regional player in the Persian Gulf and the rate of involvement, level and depth of security action and reaction of USA cannot be compared with any other international player in the region. All of USA presidents have looked at the Persian Gulf as a part of the USA serious and mainly vital interests after the World War II.
 Considering the major feature of American element in the Persian Gulf security, the important and basic question is how to analyze the American security policy in the Persian Gulf? Three concepts of "world hegemony"," regional security structure" and" security challenges" can explain the ups and downs of American security behavior in the Persian Gulf.
The Persian Gulf has been recognized as one of the most critical, key and significant geopolitical and geostrategic regions in the world.  The Persian Gulf enjoys a great extraordinary significance due to the presence of huge reservoirs of oil and gas, its outstanding geopolitical position and transfer of these energy resources through the Strait of Hormuz to other spots in the world. Thus, the region is attractive to the trans-regional powers including USA.
Furthermore, the main reasons for the presence of USA from the past up to the present, political geography and security arrangement in the Persian Gulf are also noticed as well.